B Tech Biotechnology Syllabus: Overview, Fundamentals of Biology, Eligibility Criteria
Table Of Content
- Overview of B Tech Biotechnology Syllabus
- Fundamentals of Biology
- Biochemistry section of B Tech Biotechnology Syllabus
- B Tech Biotechnology Syllabus: Molecular Biology
- B Tech Biotechnology Syllabus: Genetics
- B Tech Biotechnology Syllabus: Microbiology
- B Tech Biotechnology Syllabus: Immunology
- B Tech Biotechnology Syllabus: Cell Biology
- Eligibility Criteria for B.Tech Biotechnology
- FAQs About B Tech Biotechnology Syllabus
Overview of B Tech Biotechnology Syllabus
Introduction to Biotechnology
- Definition: Study of era primarily based totally on biology, leveraging mobile and biomolecular processes.
- Applications: Medicine, agriculture, environmental management.
Fundamentals of Biology
- Cell Theory: Basic unit of life, cellular structure, and feature.
- Genetic Material: DNA and RNA structure, feature, and replication.
- Cell Metabolism: Energy manufacturing and synthesis pathways.
Biochemistry
- Macromolecules: Structure and feature of proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
- Metabolic Pathways: Enzyme feature, glycolysis, and Krebs cycle.
Molecular Biology
- DNA Replication: Mechanisms and enzymes involved.
- Gene Expression: Transcription and translation processes.
Genetics
- Inheritance Patterns: Mendelian and non-Mendelian genetics.
- Genetic Disorders: Chromosomal and single-gene disorders.
Microbiology
- Microbial Diversity: Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
- Microbial Techniques: Culturing, staining, and identification.
Cell Biology
- Cell Structure: Organelles and their features.
- Cell Division: Mitosis and meiosis processes.
Fundamentals of Biology
Cell Theory
- Definition: The idea that every one residing organisms are composed of cells and mobileular products.
- Key Scientists: Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, Rudolf Virchow.
- Principles: All cells get up from pre-present cells, and the mobileular is the fundamental unit of life.
Cell Structure
- Prokaryotic Cells: Lack a nucleus, encompass micro organism and archaea.
- Eukaryotic Cells: Contain a nucleus and organelles, encompass plant and animal cells.
- Organelles: Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, etc.
Genetic Material
- DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, the genetic blueprint of organisms.
- RNA: Ribonucleic acid, worried in protein synthesis.
- Chromosomes: Structures that include DNA, determined withinside the nucleus.
Cell Division
- Mitosis: Process of mobileular department ensuing in genetically equal daughter cells.
- Meiosis: Process of mobileular department that produces gametes with 1/2 of the range of chromosomes.
Cell Metabolism
- Catabolism: Breakdown of molecules to launch energy (know about glycolysis).
- Anabolism: Synthesis of compounds for mobileular growth (e.g., protein synthesis).
Cell Communication
- Signal Transduction: Process through which cells reply to outside signals.
- Receptors: Proteins on mobileular membranes that acquire and system signals.
This phase covers the essential standards of biology vital for expertise biotechnology.
Biochemistry section of B Tech Biotechnology Syllabus
| Topic | Description |
|---|---|
| Macromolecules | Study of large biomolecules including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. |
| Proteins | Structure: Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Function: Enzymes, structural proteins, signaling molecules. |
| Nucleic Acids | DNA and RNA structures. Functions in genetic information storage and protein synthesis. |
| Carbohydrates | Monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Role in energy storage and cell recognition. |
| Lipids | Fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids. Functions in energy storage, membrane structure, and signaling. |
| Enzymes | Mechanism of enzyme action, kinetics, and regulation. Role as biological catalysts. |
| Metabolic Pathways | Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation. Overview of energy production and utilization. |
| Biochemical Techniques | Techniques such as chromatography, electrophoresis, and spectrophotometry for analyzing biomolecules. |
B Tech Biotechnology Syllabus: Molecular Biology
| Topic | Description |
|---|---|
| DNA Structure | Double-helix model, nucleotide composition, base pairing. |
| DNA Replication | Mechanisms including semi-conservative replication, key enzymes (DNA polymerase, helicase). |
| Transcription | Process of RNA synthesis from a DNA template. Key steps: initiation, elongation, termination. |
| RNA Processing | Post-transcriptional modifications: 5’ capping, splicing, polyadenylation. |
| Translation | Protein synthesis from mRNA template. Stages: initiation, elongation, termination. |
| Genetic Code | Codons, amino acids, and their role in protein synthesis. |
| Regulation of Gene Expression | Mechanisms controlling gene expression: operons, enhancers, silencers. |
| Techniques in Molecular Biology | Techniques such as PCR, RT-PCR, and gel electrophoresis for nucleic acid analysis. |
B Tech Biotechnology Syllabus: Genetics
Basic Principles of Genetics
- Mendelian Genetics: Laws of inheritance (Know about Segregation, Independent Assortment), Punnett squares.
- Genotype and Phenotype: Definitions and courting among genetic make-up and bodily traits.
Genetic Variation
- Mutations: Types (factor mutations, insertions, deletions), causes, and outcomes on organisms.
- Genetic Recombination: Crossing over, gene linkage, and their roles in genetic diversity.
Inheritance Patterns
- Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses: Analysis of unmarried and a couple of trait inheritance.
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance: Incomplete dominance, codominance, and epistasis.
Human Genetics
- Genetic Disorders: Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-related disorders.
- Genetic Counseling: Techniques and significance in figuring out and handling hereditary conditions.
Population Genetics
- Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium: Principles and calculations for allele and genotype frequencies in populations.
- Selection and Genetic Drift: Mechanisms affecting allele frequencies in populations.
Molecular Genetics
- Gene Structure and Function: Exons, introns, regulatory elements.
- Gene Expression Regulation: Transcription factors, enhancers, silencers.
Genetic Engineering
- Techniques: Recombinant DNA technology, gene cloning, and CRISPR-Cas9.
- Applications: Genetic amendment of organisms for research, medicine, and agriculture.
B Tech Biotechnology Syllabus: Microbiology
Microbial Classification
- Domains of Life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
- Microbial Taxonomy: Classification primarily based totally on morphology, mobileular structure, and genetic characteristics.
Microbial Cell Structure
- Prokaryotic Cells: Structure and characteristic of bacterial mobileular walls, membranes, and organelles.
- Eukaryotic Microorganisms: Fungi, protozoa, and algae mobileular structures.
Microbial Growth and Metabolism
- Growth Phases: Lag, log, stationary, and demise phases.
- Nutritional Requirements: Carbon, nitrogen, and different important nutrients.
- Metabolic Pathways: Aerobic and anaerobic respiration, fermentation.
Microbial Genetics
- Genetic Exchange: Conjugation, transformation, and transduction.
- Mutation: Types of mutations and their outcomes on microbial genomes.
Microbial Techniques
- Culturing Methods: Isolation, enrichment, and upkeep of microbial cultures.
- Identification Techniques: Staining (Gram stain), biochemical tests, and molecular methods (PCR).
Pathogenic Microorganisms
- Bacterial Pathogens: Mechanisms of pathogenicity and not unusualplace bacterial sicknesses.
- Viral Pathogens: Structure, replication, and sicknesses resulting from viruses.
Microbial Ecology
- Environmental Microbiology: Role of microbes in soil, water, and nutrient cycling.
- Symbiotic Relationships: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
B Tech Biotechnology Syllabus: Immunology
Overview of the Immune System
- Components: Primary (bone marrow, thymus) and secondary (lymph nodes, spleen) lymphoid organs.
- Functions: Defense mechanisms in opposition to pathogens and retaining homeostasis.
Adaptive Immunity
- B Cells: Production of antibodies, reminiscence B cells.
- T Cells: T mobileular receptors, types (Helper T cells, Cytotoxic T cells), antigen presentation.
- Antigen-Antibody Interaction: Antigen recognition, antibody functions (neutralization, opsonization).
Immune Response
- Primary Response: Initial reaction to antigen exposure, time course, and characteristics.
- Secondary Response: Enhanced reaction upon re-exposure, reminiscence cells` role.
Immunological Techniques
- ELISA: Enzyme-related immunosorbent assay for detecting and quantifying antibodies or antigens.
- Western Blotting: Technique for detecting precise proteins in a sample.
- Flow Cytometry: Analysis of mobileular populations primarily based totally on floor markers and intracellular contents.
Immunological Disorders
- Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions in which the immune device assaults the body`s very own tissues (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, lupus).
- Allergies: Hypersensitivity reactions to generally innocent substances.
- Immunodeficiencies: Conditions of compromised immune function (e.g., HIV/AIDS).
B Tech Biotechnology Syllabus: Cell Biology
| Topic | Description |
|---|---|
| Cell Theory | Concept that all living organisms are made of cells and cells are the basic unit of life. |
| Cell Structure | Prokaryotic Cells: No nucleus; includes bacteria. Eukaryotic Cells: Have a nucleus and organelles; includes plant and animal cells. |
| Organelles | Nucleus: Genetic material storage. Mitochondria: ATP production. Endoplasmic Reticulum: Protein and lipid synthesis. |
| Cell Membrane | Phospholipid bilayer with proteins; functions in selective permeability and cell communication. |
| Cell Division | Mitosis: Produces two identical daughter cells. Meiosis: Produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes. |
| Cytoskeleton | Components: Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules. Functions: Cell shape, motility, and division. |
Eligibility Criteria for B Tech Biotechnology
Educational Qualification
- 10+2 Education: Must have finished better secondary education (twelfth grade) or equivalent.
- Mandatory Subjects: Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics (PCM) or Biology (PCB), relying at the group`s requirements.
Minimum Marks
- General Category: Typically, at least 50-60% combination marks in PCM or PCB subjects.
- Reserved Categories: Relaxation of marks as in line with authorities regulations (e.g., 45-55% for SC/ST/OBC).
Entrance Examinations
- National/State-Level Exams: Must qualify in front tests which includes JEE Main, BITSAT, or state-unique engineering front tests.
- Institution-Specific Tests: Some establishments might also additionally have their personal front tests.
Age Limit
- General Requirement: Candidates need to be inside the age restriction set with the aid of using the respective group or exam body, normally as much as 22-25 years.
Domicile Requirements
- State Quotas: Some establishments have domicile-primarily based totally reservations or choices for nearby residents.
Additional Criteria
- English Proficiency: Some establishments might also additionally require a fundamental expertise of English, mainly for conversation and coursework.
This review gives a based study the important thing eligibility standards for pursuing a B.Tech in Biotechnology.
FAQs About B Tech Biotechnology Syllabus
Q1. What are the core subjects in the B Tech Biotechnology syllabus?
Ans: Core subjects typically include Genetics, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, Immunology, and Bioprocess Engineering.
Q 2. Are there any elective subjects available in the B.Tech Biotechnology program?
Ans: Yes, electives may vary by institution but often include subjects like Environmental Biotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology, Bioinformatics, and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology.
Q 3. Is there a focus on practical training in the B Tech Biotechnology syllabus?
Ans: Yes, the syllabus generally includes laboratory sessions, industrial training, and project work to provide hands-on experience in biotechnology techniques and applications.
Q 4. How are the subjects assessed in the B.Tech Biotechnology program?
Ans: Assessment typically includes a combination of theoretical exams, practical lab reports, projects, and presentations.