PET Exam Date 2022 Syllabus : Pattern, Tips, Exam Pattern

Detailed Syllabus for English Language Skills

Grammar and Vocabulary

Parts of Speech:

• Nouns: Types (proper, common, collective), singular/plural forms, possessive nouns.
• Pronouns: Personal, possessive, reflexive, and relative pronouns.
• Verbs: Tenses (past, present, future), regular and irregular verbs, auxiliary verbs, modals.
• Adjectives: Types (descriptive, demonstrative, possessive), comparative and superlative forms.
• Adverbs: Types (manner, place, time, frequency), placement in sentences.
• Prepositions: Usage (in, on, at, by, with), prepositional phrases.
• Conjunctions: Coordinating, subordinating, and correlative conjunctions.
• Interjections: Usage and examples.

Sentence Structure:

• Simple Sentences: Basic structure, subject-verb agreement.
• Compound Sentences: Using coordinating conjunctions to connect independent clauses.
• Complex Sentences: Using subordinating conjunctions to connect independent and dependent clauses.
• Compound-Complex Sentences: Combining compound and complex sentence structures.

Tenses:

• Present Tense: Simple present, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous.
• Past Tense: Simple past, past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous.
• Future Tense: Simple future, future continuous, future perfect, future perfect continuous.
• Voice:
• Active Voice: Structure and usage.
• Passive Voice: Converting sentences from active to passive voice and vice versa.

Direct and Indirect Speech:

• Direct Speech: Quotation marks, punctuation.
• Indirect Speech: Reported speech rules, changing tenses and pronouns.
• Subject-Verb Agreement:
• Agreement Rules: Singular and plural subjects, collective nouns, and compound subjects.
• Exceptions and Special Cases: Indefinite pronouns, words that are always singular/plural.

Articles:

• Definite Article: Usage of “the.”
• Indefinite Articles: Usage of “a” and “an,” and rules for their use.
• Punctuation:
• Commas: Usage in lists, clauses, and sentences.
• Full Stops: Ending sentences and abbreviations.
• Colons and Semicolons: Usage in lists and complex sentences.
• Quotation Marks: Direct speech and quotations.

Vocabulary Building:

• Synonyms and Antonyms: Identifying words with similar and opposite meanings.
• Word Roots and Affixes: Understanding prefixes, suffixes, and root words.
• Contextual Usage: Using vocabulary appropriately in context.
• Idioms and Phrases:
• Common Idioms: Understanding and using frequently used idiomatic expressions.
• Phrasal Verbs: Meaning and usage of common phrasal verbs.

Comprehension

Reading Passages:

• Types: Narrative, descriptive, expository, and argumentative passages.
• Understanding Main Ideas: Identifying the central theme or main idea of a passage.

Detail Questions:

• Specific Information: Finding specific details or facts mentioned in the passage.
• Inference: Drawing logical conclusions based on information provided in the passage.

Vocabulary in Context:

• Understanding Words: Interpreting the meaning of words or phrases based on context.
• Context Clues: Using surrounding text to infer meanings of unfamiliar words.

Author’s Tone and Purpose:

• Tone: Identifying the author’s attitude or perspective.
• Purpose: Understanding the reason behind the writing (to inform, persuade, entertain).

Summarizing:

• Main Points: Summarizing the passage by identifying key points and ideas.
• Paraphrasing: Rewriting information in your own words while retaining the meaning.

Logical Flow:

• Coherence: Understanding the logical progression of ideas in a passage.
• Transitions: Identifying how ideas are connected and the use of transitional phrases.

Fact vs. Opinion:

• Differentiation: Distinguishing between factual information and personal opinions or beliefs.

Sequence of Events:

• Chronology: Identifying the order in which events occur.
• Cause and Effect: Understanding relationships between events and their outcomes.

Drawing Conclusions:

• Inference: Making reasonable assumptions based on the given information.
• Judgments: Evaluating the validity of arguments or points made in the passage.

Critical Analysis:

• Evaluating Arguments: Assessing the strength and relevance of arguments or evidence presented.
• Bias and Objectivity: Identifying potential biases and evaluating objectivity.

Sentence Formation

Sentence Types:

• Declarative Sentences: Making statements.
• Interrogative Sentences: Asking questions.
• Imperative Sentences: Giving commands or instructions.
• Exclamatory Sentences: Expressing strong emotions.

Sentence Components:

• Subject: The main noun or pronoun performing the action.
• Predicate: The part of the sentence that describes the action or state of the subject.
• Objects: Direct and indirect objects receiving the action.

Sentence Fragments:

• Identification: Recognizing incomplete sentences and understanding their errors.
• Correction: Revising fragments to form complete sentences.

Run-on Sentences:

• Identification: Recognizing run-on sentences where clauses are improperly joined.
• Correction: Using appropriate punctuation or conjunctions to correct run-ons.

Complex Sentences:

• Formation: Combining independent and dependent clauses to form complex sentences.
• Subordination: Using subordinating conjunctions to link clauses.

Compound Sentences:

• Formation: Using coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) to join independent clauses.
• Punctuation: Proper use of commas and semicolons in compound sentences.

Sentence Combining:

• Merging Sentences: Combining short or simple sentences into more complex structures.
• Eliminating Redundancies: Removing unnecessary repetition while combining sentences.

Modifiers:

• Placement: Proper placement of adjectives and adverbs to modify nouns and verbs.
• Avoiding Misplaced Modifiers: Ensuring modifiers are placed next to the words they modify.

Parallel Structure:

• Consistency: Maintaining consistent grammatical structures in lists or series.
• Balance: Ensuring parallelism in sentence elements for clarity and flow.

Complex and Compound-Complex Sentences:

• Formation: Creating sentences that combine multiple clauses and elements.
• Clarity: Ensuring complex sentences are clear and logically structured.

Error Detection

Grammar Errors:

• Tense Agreement: Identifying and correcting tense inconsistencies.
• Subject-Verb Agreement: Detecting errors in subject-verb agreement and correcting them.

Punctuation Errors:

• Comma Usage: Identifying incorrect or missing commas in sentences.
• Apostrophes: Correct usage of apostrophes for possession and contractions.

Spelling Errors:

• Common Mistakes: Identifying and correcting common spelling errors.
• Homophones: Recognizing and correcting errors involving words that sound the same but have different meanings.

Sentence Structure:

• Fragmentation: Identifying incomplete sentences and correcting them.
• Run-ons: Recognizing run-on sentences and using proper punctuation or conjunctions.

Word Choice:

• Contextual Errors: Detecting incorrect word usage based on context.
• Synonyms and Antonyms: Using appropriate words with the correct meanings.

Consistency:

• Style and Tone: Ensuring consistency in writing style and tone throughout the passage.
• Formatting: Correcting errors in formatting, such as inconsistent font sizes or styles.

Redundancies:

• Unnecessary Repetition: Identifying and removing redundant words or phrases.
• Clarity: Ensuring sentences are clear and concise.

Logical Errors:

• Consistency in Arguments: Identifying logical inconsistencies or contradictions in arguments.
• Coherence: Ensuring the logical flow of ideas in sentences and paragraphs.

Modifier Errors:

• Misplaced Modifiers: Detecting and correcting errors involving misplaced or dangling modifiers.
• Clarity: Ensuring that modifiers clearly modify the intended words.

Parallelism Errors:

• Consistency in Lists: Ensuring parallel structure in lists or series of items.
• Balanced Sentences: Correcting errors in parallel structure to maintain